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Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a serious and potentially life-threatening complication that can affect people with diabetes - both those with type 1 and type 2 diabetes. DKA occurs when the body starts breaking down fat for energy instead of glucose, leading to a build-up of ketones in the blood. This condition requires immediate medical attention as it can cause severe dehydration, shock, and even coma.
What are the symptoms of DKA?
The symptoms of DKA can come on quickly and worsen rapidly if left untreated. Some of the common signs of DKA include:
- High blood sugar level (above 240 mg/dL)
- Frequent urination
- Thirst or dry mouth
- Fatigue or weakness
- Nausea or vomiting
- Stomach pain
- Sweet, fruity breath
Why does DKA occur?
DKA usually occurs when there is a shortage of insulin in the body. Insulin is a hormone that helps glucose enter the cells to be used as energy. When the body can’t produce enough insulin, glucose builds up in the bloodstream, causing high blood sugar levels. To compensate for the lack of glucose, the body starts breaking down fat for energy instead, leading to the production of ketones.
How is DKA treated?
DKA is a medical emergency and requires immediate treatment. The first step in treating DKA is to lower the blood sugar level. This is usually done with an insulin infusion and fluids to rehydrate the body. Other treatments may be necessary depending on the individual’s condition, such as potassium replacement or antibiotics for any infections present.
How can DKA be prevented?
The best way to prevent DKA is to keep blood sugar levels under control. This involves monitoring blood sugar levels regularly, following a healthy diet, taking medication as prescribed, and getting regular exercise. It’s also important to stay hydrated and seek medical attention if any symptoms of DKA develop.
If you have diabetes, it’s important to be aware of the symptoms of DKA and take steps to prevent it. With proper management, you can keep your blood sugar levels under control and avoid complications like DKA.
Conclusion
Diabetic ketoacidosis is a serious complication that can occur in people with diabetes. It’s caused by a shortage of insulin in the body and can lead to severe dehydration, shock, and even coma if left untreated. The best way to prevent DKA is to keep blood sugar levels under control and seek medical attention if any symptoms develop. If you have diabetes, it’s important to work closely with your healthcare team to manage your condition effectively and reduce the risk of complications like DKA.
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